Transition Planning: Daily and Independent Living

Introduction

Transitioning to adulthood is a pivotal time for young adults with developmental disabilities like ASD and ADHD, and a key component of this journey is developing daily and independent living skills. These practical self-care skills, such as personal hygiene, money management, and time organization, are essential for living independently and functioning as an adult. This blog will focus on three critical areas of support, i.e., healthcare, housing, and employment, and explore how each of these domains plays a vital role in helping individuals build and strengthen the daily living skills necessary for a successful transition into adulthood. By obtaining the right tools and supports in these areas, young adults with developmental disabilities can achieve greater independence and autonomy in their daily lives.

Importance of daily and independent living supports

Daily and independent living skills are important for many reasons as they play a crucial role in shaping a person’s ability to function independently and thrive in adulthood. Firstly, they can help foster self-sufficiency in young adults with developmental disabilities. By building practical skills, individuals gain the confidence to take control of their personal and social environments, empowering them to navigate daily challenges more independently. Secondly, these skills also enhance informed decision-making, enabling individuals to make thoughtful, well-considered choices that positively impact their day-to-day lives. As they gain independence, there is a natural improvement in their overall quality of life, leading to a greater sense of fulfillment and well-being. Lastly, strengthening daily living skills can promote clearer and more effective communication, helping individuals to better express themselves in both personal and professional interactions. Together, these benefits contribute to a more autonomous and enriched life, paving the way for successful adulthood.

Healthcare supports

Healthcare supports play a critical role in helping young adults with developmental disabilities build daily living skills and transition into adulthood. Community Mental Health (CMH) services, which are often covered by Medicaid, offer a range of supports such as nursing, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and mental health counseling. To qualify for these services, individuals usually have to undergo comprehensive screening and meet specific eligibility criteria. Once approved, an Individual Plan of Service (IPOS) is developed, similar to an Individualized Education Program (IEP), which outlines the person’s goals and objectives. The IPOS is created using a Person-Centered Planning (PCP) process, where a team works together to identify skills and opportunities that align with the individual’s desired future. Medicaid plays a key role in this as it offers health coverage and access to CMH services for individuals with disabilities, though eligibility can vary by state. It is also important to consider medical transitions, such as switching healthcare providers when moving from pediatric to adult care. These transitions ensure the individual’s physical and mental health needs continue to be met as they grow older. Healthcare supports can also assist individuals in managing their medications independently, furthering their ability to live autonomously.

Housing supports

Housing supports are crucial in helping individuals with developmental disabilities achieve greater independence and stability. CMH offers various housing options, including access to generic community housing and assistance with relocation. For those who need more structured environments, CMH provides specialized residential settings, also known as group homes, where individuals can receive personalized care and support. Another key service offered by CMH is Community Living Support (CLS), which is authorized after an assessment and provides support in daily living activities. CLS services focus on helping individuals with developmental disabilities develop essential life skills, such as managing household tasks, through hands-on teaching and guidance. Moreover, the Housing Choice Voucher Program is a federal initiative that helps low-income individuals with disabilities access safe and affordable housing in the private market, allowing them to live more independently. Non-profit organizations also offer specialized housing services. In Michigan, Michigan Ability Partners works to support individuals with disabilities in achieving independence and preventing homelessness, while the Intentional Communities of Washtenaw (ICW) focuses on creating housing, employment, and social opportunities specifically designed to enhance the quality of life for adults with developmental disabilities. These supports work together to provide safe, supportive living environments that foster autonomy and community inclusion for individuals with developmental disabilities.

Employment supports

Employment supports are vital for helping individuals with developmental disabilities find meaningful work and integrate into their communities. CMH offers a range of employment and volunteer opportunities, including job coaching, individualized job development, and access to community volunteer work. While many of these opportunities are unpaid, they provide individuals with disabilities the chance to engage meaningfully with their community, develop workplace skills, and gain a sense of purpose and contribution. In Michigan, for those who are able to pursue paid employment, Michigan Rehabilitation Services (MRS) offers targeted job support services designed to help individuals with disabilities secure gainful employment. MRS is especially helpful for individuals who can begin working during high school, as early registration allows students to access valuable job supports and make the transition to the workforce smoother. Starting employment early can equip individuals with skills and experience that make their transition to adulthood and independence more successful. Together, these supports help individuals with developmental disabilities participate in work environments that enhance their self-esteem, skill sets, and community involvement.

Conclusion

When providing daily and independent living supports for individuals with developmental disabilities, several key considerations are essential. Person-centered planning should tailor supports to individual needs, empowering choice and fostering independence. Coordination across support systems is critical to ensure holistic care, with services aligned through collaboration and communication. Legal and financial aspects must also be taken into account, such as ensuring proper documentation for guardianship, power of attorney for healthcare, and understanding housing agreements and tenant rights. Supports should be culturally appropriate and inclusive, recognizing diverse backgrounds and identities. Lastly, sustainable and ongoing support is crucial, as the transition to independent living is an evolving process that requires continuous monitoring and adjustment over time.

References 

Housing Choice Voucher Program Section 8. (2017, September 20). HUD.Gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). https://www.hud.gov/topics/housing_choice_voucher_program_section_8

John Thurman, A., Summers Swinehart, S., Klusek, J., Roberts, J. E., Bullard, L., Marzan, J. C. B., Ted Brown, W., & Abbeduto, L. (2022). Daily Living Skills in Adolescent and Young Adult Males with FXS. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 127(1), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.1.64

Naguib, S. (2018). Guide to community mental health services 2018.5. Sunfield Institute. 

Naguib, S. (2019). Housing-Employment 2019.4. [Powerpoint Slides]. Sunfield Institute.

Naguib, S. (2019). Self-Advocacy to Transportation 2019.4. [Powerpoint Slides]. Sunfield Institute.